养殖与饲料

[目的]结合羔羊育肥的营养需求，配制成TMR日粮（全混合日粮）开展饲喂试验，为板栗副产品开发在肉羊育肥中应用提供理论依据。[方法]以板栗叶为原料，接种EM菌液（复合微生物制剂），添加20%的麸皮，经过混匀、压缩、密封等工艺，发酵15 d以上制得板栗叶发酵饲料，并进行营养成分分析。选择河北省迁安市3家养羊场，选取体重（15±0.96 kg）、健康、体况相近的3月龄育肥小尾寒羊羔羊作为试验对象，随机分为试验组和对照组（每组各20只），试验组粗饲料为发酵板栗叶，对照组粗饲料为玉米秸秆，2组精料以及其他添加剂相同，饲喂周期为90 d，测定羊的日增重、料肉比、饲料转化率、屠宰率等指标。[结果]制作完成的板栗叶发酵饲料相较于发酵前的板栗叶，饲料的营养成分显著提高，发酵前后黄曲霉毒素均未检出。与对照组相比，肉羊试验组日增重提高57.92 g/只，利润增长59.63元/只，利润增长率为18.81%；试验组料肉比为4.79∶1，较对照组饲料转化率提升6.26%，屠宰率提高3.28百分点。[结论]板栗叶发酵TMR日粮饲喂技术优于目前常规饲喂方法，可显著提高肉羊育肥经济效益。

[Objectives]The feeding experiment was conducted with a total mixed ration(TMR) diet formulated on the basis of nutritional requirements of fattening lambs to provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of chestnut by-products in the fattening of mutton sheep. [Methods]Feed with fermented Chinese chestnut leaf was prepared by inoculating EM inoculant(compound microbial preparation) into Chinese chestnut leaves, adding 20% wheat bran, and undergoing mixing, compression, sealing and other processes for over 15 days of fermentation. 40 healthy and 3-month-old fattening Small Tail Han lambs with similar body condition and weighted 15±0.96 kg were selected from 3 sheep farms in Qian'an City, Hebei Province, and divided into the experimental group and the control group with 20 lambs in each group. The roughage for the experimental group was fermented chestnut leaves, while that for the control group was corn stalks. The concentrates and other additives for both groups were the same. The period of feeding lasted 90 days. The average daily gain(ADG), profit, feed-to-gain ratio, feed conversion rate and dressing percentage of mutton sheep were determined. [Results]The fermented feed made from the processed chestnut leaves significantly improved the content of nutrition compared to the unfermented chestnut leaves. No aflatoxins were detected before or after the process of fermentation. Compared with the control group, the daily weight gain of the sheep in the experimental group increased by 57.92 g per sheep, and the profit per sheep increased by 59.63 yuan. The profit growth rate was 18.81%. The feed-to-meat ratio of the experimental group was 4.79∶1, 6.26% higher than that of the control group, and the slaughter rate increased by 3.28 percentage points.[Conclusions]The technology of feeding TMR diet with fermented chestnut leaf is superior to the current conventional methods of feeding, and it can significantly improve the economic benefits of fattening mutton sheep.