养殖与饲料

[目的]调查云南省施甸县太平镇肉牛冻精改良技术的应用现状并探讨其限制因素，提出相应的优化策略，以促进当地肉牛品种改良和产业升级。[方法]通过对养殖户开展问卷调查、收集改良站点的台账资料与参考2020-2024年施甸县行业年报与统计年鉴，分析总结技术成效、存在问题，并提出相应优化建议。[结果]自2002年推广冻精改良技术以来，太平镇已建成6个固定冻精改良站点，服务覆盖全镇95%养殖户。2020-2024年累计配种2.18万头，受胎率保持在82%～85%。杂交后代的体重增长显著，日均增重较本地黄牛提高200～300 g，出栏周期缩短至12～18个月，养殖户年均增收约1.2万元。然而，在技术取得成效的同时，也存在操作不规范、冷链管理薄弱、人才紧缺、政策支持不足与养殖户认知局限等问题。[结论]通过标准化操作流程、完善冷链系统、加强人才激励及优化政策支持，可以有效提高技术应用的整体质量。

[Objectives]The status of applying the improved frozen semen technology for beef cattle in Taiping Town, Shidian County, Yunnan Province was investigated, its limiting factors were discussed, and corresponding optimization strategies were proposed to promote the genetic improvement and industrial upgrading of local beef cattle.[Methods]Based on a questionnaire survey among livestock farmers, records from improvement stations, and 2020-2024 Industry Annual Reports and Statistical Yearbooks of Shidian County, the technical achievements and existing problems were analyzed and summarized. The corresponding optimized recommendations were put forward.[Results]Taiping Town has established six fixed frozen sperm improvement stations since the promotion of improved frozen semen technology in 2002, serving 95% of all farmers in the town. 21 800 cattle were inseminated from 2020 to 2024, with a conception rate maintained between 82% and 85%. The weight gain of hybrid offspring was significant, with an average daily weight gain of 200-300 g higher than that of local yellow cattle. The slaughter cycle was shortened to 12-18 months, increasing the average annual income of farmers by about 12 000 yuan. However, there were problems including non-standardized operations, inadequate cold-chain management, shortage of talents, insufficient support of policy, and low awareness among livestock farmers as well while technology was effective.[Conclusions]The overall quality of applying the improved frozen semen technology for beef cattle in Taiping Town can be effectively improved by standardizing protocol, improving cold-chain systems, strengthening incentives for talents, and optimizing support of policy.