养殖与饲料

[目的]通过对柑橘皮的晾晒和青贮晾晒2种处理方式进行对比研究，为云南柑橘皮作为饲料添加剂的开发利用提供参考。[方法]2023年11月至2024年2月，收集云南市场上的柑橘皮(以橘和橙为主)，对柑橘皮进行晾晒、青贮再晾晒2种处理，镜检不同处理方式下柑橘皮的结构变化，测定主要成分含量、农残、霉菌毒素等指标。[结果]与晾晒处理相比，青贮晾晒处理更能破坏柑橘皮的纤维结构，显著提高柑橘皮的粗蛋白含量(P<0.05)，粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维、钙、磷五项均有提高，但差异不显著(P>0.05)。晾晒处理、青贮晾晒处理均可降低柑橘皮的农残，青贮晾晒处理降低农残效果比晾晒处理效果好；晾晒处理、青贮晾晒处理的柑橘皮黄曲霉毒素B₁、呕吐霉素、赤霉烯酮3项主要霉菌毒素含量均远低于饲料卫生标准值。[结论]青贮晾晒处理比晾晒处理能更好促进柑橘皮纤维分解，促进主要营养成分的释放，而且作为饲料添加剂在农残和霉菌毒素这两大卫生指标上是安全的。

[Objectives]Two processing methods for citrus peels including sun-drying and silage-sundrying were compared to provide a scientific reference for the development and utilization of Yunnan citrus peel as a feed additive.[Methods]The citrus peels mainly included oranges and tangerines were collected from the market in Yunnan from November 2023 to February 2024 and processed with sun-drying and silage-sundrying. Structural changes under the different process were examined with microscopy. The content of key nutritional components, pesticide residues, and major mycotoxins were determined. [Results]Silage-sun-drying more effectively destroyed the fibrous structure of citrus peel and increased the content of six main nutritional components including the crude protein(P<0.05), crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus compared with sun-drying. Both processing methods reduced pesticide residues in the peel, with the silage-sundrying method having a better effect. The content of three major mycotoxins including aflatoxin B₁, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in citrus peel processed with two methods was far below the hygiene standard of feed.[Conclusions]Silage-sun-drying can better promote the decomposition of fibers in citrus peel and the release of major nutrients compared to sun-drying. Citrus peel processed by silage-sun-drying is safe for use as a feed additive in terms of the two critical hygiene indexes including pesticide residues and mycotoxins.