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马苏大麻哈鱼是冷水性溯河洄游底层鱼类，其肉质细嫩味美，经济价值极高。受人工过度捕捞、生态环境演变及水域污染等因素影响，野生马苏大麻哈鱼已处于严重濒危状态。本文系统总结了马苏大麻哈鱼在生物学特征、种群分类、资源现状、繁养技术、病害防治及营养价值等领域的研究成果，马苏大麻哈鱼陆封型与洄游型仍属同一物种，具有相同的基因库。马苏大麻哈鱼能在不同的水温、盐度条件下生存，食性适应能力较强，人工养殖时能很好地适应配合饲料，在不同生长阶段对饲料的营养需求不同。陆封型种群（山女鳟）是目前人工养殖的主要品种，与野生马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉的氨基酸营养价值非常接近，但氨基酸含量略低于野生群体。同时重点分析了当前研究方法的局限性，如种群分类无法覆盖全基因组遗传变异，且形态学指标易受环境干扰，资源调查采用的定点采样模式存在覆盖范围不全、随机性不足等，并结合种群保护与产业发展需求，提出未来研究的重点方向，需聚焦人工驯养繁育技术攻关、种源优化、专用饲料研发及营养需求填补等核心问题，为马苏大麻哈鱼的资源保护与人工产业化养殖发展提供了参考。
Abstract：Oncorhynchus masou mainly distributed in the Tumen River and Suifen River in China's mainland is a bottom dwelling fish that migrates upstream in cold water.Its meat is tender and delicious,and its economic value is extremely high. Wild Oncorhynchus masou has become severely endangered due to factors including overfishing,evolution of ecological environment,and water pollution.This article systematically summarized the recent achievements in the fields of biological characteristics, population classification, status of resource,techniques of breeding,prevention and control of diseases,and nutritional value of Oncorhynchus masou.The land seal type and migratory type of Oncorhynchus masou still belong to the same species and have the same gene pool.Oncorhynchus masou can survive under different conditions of water temperature and salinity,with strong dietary adaptability. It can adapt well to compound feed and has different nutritional requirements for feed at different stages of growth when artificially farmed.The land sealed population(Oncorhynchus masou masou) is currently the main species artificially farmed,and its nutritional value of amino acid is very similar to that of the muscle in wild Oncorhynchus masou,but its content of amino acid is slightly lower than that of the wild population.At present,there are still some methodological problems in many studies including the inability of population classification to cover the genetic variation of the entire genome,and the susceptibility of morphological indexes to environmental interference.The mode of fixed-point sampling used in resource surveys has incomplete coverage and insufficient randomness as well.In the future,focus should be put on tackling core issues including technologies of artificial domestication and breeding, optimizing germplasm, developing specialized feed, and filling nutritional needs. It will provide a useful reference for protecting resource and industrializing the artificial breeding of Oncorhynchus masou.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13300/j.cnki.cn42-1648/s.2026.03.001
中图分类号:S965.3
引用信息:
[1]李明泽,徐宝川,万英明,等.马苏大麻哈鱼的种群分类及生物学特征研究进展[J].养殖与饲料,2026,25(03):1-8.DOI:10.13300/j.cnki.cn42-1648/s.2026.03.001.
基金信息:
吉林省水产产业技术体系(JLARS-2025-130302,JLARS-2025-130101)
2026-03-10
2026-03-10