养殖与饲料

[目的]探讨水产养殖尾水中亚硝酸盐、氨氮等污染物经过生物转盘处理后，再通过鱼菜共生塘进行自然净化的效果，为水产养殖业的健康发展提供解决方案。[方法]贵州省贞丰县陆基养殖基地养殖尾水经过四级生物转盘处理后，对养殖水体和养殖尾水中的悬浮物、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、总磷进行监测，评估净化后尾水的水质改善及该处理模式的经济效益。[结果]尾水中亚硝酸盐浓度趋近于0值，悬浮物含量<12 mg/L，总磷趋近零值，悬浮物去除率可达94.29%以上，各项指标均符合GB 11607—1989《渔业水质标准》。该组合模式年有效节约用水22万?，年节水价值5万余元。[结论]“生物转盘+鱼菜共生”模式处理水产养殖尾水可实现养殖尾水的梯级净化，提升水资源循环利用率，达到尾水零排放，具有显著的经济效益和生态效益。

[Objectives]The effects of natural purification of pollutants including nitrite and ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater from aquaculture through biological treatment with biological rotating disks followed by the symbiosis of fish and vegetables in pond were studied to provide a new solution for the healthy development of the aquaculture industry.[Methods]The wastewater from the land-based aquaculture base in Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province was treated with a 4-level biological rotating disks to monitor the content of suspended solids, nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the water and wastewater of aquaculture. The improvement in water quality of purified wastewater and the economic benefits of this treatment mode was evaluated.[Results]The content of nitrite in the wastewater treated was close to zero, the content of suspended solids was less than 12 mg/L, the content of total phosphorus approached zero, and the removal rate of suspended solids reached 94.29% to 100%. All indexes comply with GB 11607—1989 Water Quality Standard for Fisheries. The combination of biological rotating disk + symbiosis of fish and vegetables effectively saved 220 000 cubic meters of water annually, with an annual water-saving value of about 50 000 yuan.[Conclusions]The mode of biological rotating disk + symbiosis of fish and vegetables for treating the wastewater from aquaculture can realize the cascade purification of wastewater from aquaculture, improve the recycling efficiency of water resource, and also achieve the zero discharge of wastewater, which has significant economic and ecological benefits.